This book is not only an homage to Charles Tilly, but is a proposal of applying his thought. The authors examine his concepts, theories, and methodological contributions, providing a richer understanding of them. It is an essential guide for anyone interested on the analysis of political change and social conflict.

This essay discusses the aesthetic potential within Bernard Stiegler’s concept of technics, particularly its nascent or preactual form of realism. This realism fosters a sense of spontaneity, crucial to a modal engagement with time, being, and history in the face of contemporary planetary enframing. By critically appraising Stiegler’s framework, the essay proposes an aesthetics of care that aligns with restoring art’s primordial inhumanism. This stands in stark contrast to the inhumanism inherent in technological modernity. Reviving this aesthetics, a global challenge (...) that traverses East and West, might appear anachronistic. It proposes a return to the primordial integration of the human and inhuman, initially enshrined in art as technics (evident as far back as the Upper Paleolithic). Modern technology, however, severs the organological function of art from its foundational relation with humanity. In this dismemberment, a singular, immanent humanism emerges as the defining characteristic of modernity. This human becomes wholly accessible and subservient to technology, thus negating the reciprocal tension that defines their elemental and productive relationship, their original organology or how life at the time was intensively organized by this so-called tension. In conclusion, the essay advocates restoring this lost inhuman essence through a revitalized aesthetic sensibility that embraces an integral ecology as a countermeasure to stagnation and despair engendered by excessive human-centric enframing. (shrink)

Charles Tilly (1929-2008), sociólogo, historiador y politólogo norteamericano, es un autor imprescindible para la comprensión de la contienda política y el conflicto social. Sus investigaciones muestran cómo las bases sociales organizadas en diversas formas de acción colectiva pueden influir y condicionar la marcha de la historia. Sus estudios sobre las revoluciones, la formación y evolución de los Estados y su teoría de la acción colectiva giran en torno a su gran preocupación: la defensa de derechos ciudadanos y la búsqueda de (...) sistemas políticos atentos a las condiciones de vida de los más débiles. Esta obra presenta la mayor recopilación de reflexiones sobre su trabajo publicada hasta la fecha. Cada capítulo analiza sus textos, sus teorías y diseños metodológicos, y algunos añaden investigación de casos. Este libro ayuda a comprender un tiempo marcado por intensas movilizaciones populares, algunas con consecuencias muy relevantes, como las protestas que se extienden en 2011 desde Túnez a Egipto, Yemen, Libia, Siria, etc.,la llamada "primavera árabe" y distintas movilizaciones en el occidente democrático reclamando más atención a las demandas ciudadanas, como el Movimiento 15 de Mayo (15 M) en España replicado en otros países, las protestas en Grecia, Reino Unido, etc. (shrink)

In Anti-Oedipus, Deleuze and Guattari saw the difficulty of disentangling the question of Spinoza and, later, of Reich from the very limit of a system of representation by which they mean Oedipus. As A Thousand Plateaus would emphasize later, this limit brings out the question of the desire for democracy (‘democracies are majorities’). It desires Oedipus. In What Is Philosophy?, the limit question (Oedipus) gave way to the concept of a people to come. Fifty years since its publication, Anti-Oedipus remains (...) a relevant text (apropos of its ‘strategic adversary’ identified by Foucault) against the background of the social pathology of neofascism, populist politics, and the rise of the alt-right and neoconservative movements in recent years. The paper tries to locate this inflexion point where the desire for democracy modulates into the bi-univocal plasticity of Oedipal desire whose dangers people already seem to know. They have unmasked Oedipus’ double impasse and have escaped it. They no longer desire fascism; they desire fascists, neocons, and right-leaning mob rousers. Fifty years since its publication, Anti-Oedipus confronts a type of people who have learned to behave like the enemies of capitalism, too careful not to overload desire and destroy its bi-univocality, its great balancing act on the Body without organs. Incidentally, in ‘Postscript on the Societies of Control,’ Deleuze spoke about a people who know how to ‘surf’ replacing the ‘older sports.’ This applies to people who could become either schizoidal or regress to its more familiar inversion, the simulacra of Oedipus. (shrink)

This article is a commentary on O’Donohue’s2019 37-point critique of the American Psychological Association Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct ([Ethics Code] 2017). In this brief paper, we respond to the article by addressing our most important disagreements with O’Donohue’s arguments as well as areas of agreement. While we disagree with many of O’Donohue’s points, we also view his critique as being important and timely given that the 2018 APA Ethics Task Force is currently exploring potential revisions to (...) the Code. (shrink)

Este Dicionario Enciclopedia do Pensamento Galego, coordinado por Andrés Torres Queiruga e Manuel Rivas García e redactado por corenta e seis persoas, trata de conxuntar un dicionario de pensadores galegos e unha visión temática que permita encadrar o labor máis directamente filosófico no campo xeral da nosa cultura. De aí a súa división en dúas partes: a primeira, un dicionario de autores, e a segunda, unha enciclopedia que complementa temas, ideas e persoeiros que propiamente non caben na primeira. Deste (...) xeito, o Dicionario, en orde alfabética, permite un percorrido polo enteiro transcurso da nosa historia intelectual e da achega realizada por cento dez autores, mentres que a Enciclopedia propicia un amplo encadramento nos diversos campos da cultura: antropoloxía, pensamento científico, dereito, economía, estética, exilio, feminismo, literatura, matemática, medicina, nacionalismo, pedagoxía, política, prensa e relixión. Por último os índices onomástico e temático permiten diversos percorridos, que, conxuntando sincronía e diacronía, poden axudar a unha visión máis integral e realista da nosa cultura. A nómina de pensadores da primeira parte chega aos nosos días, ocupándose con maior profundidade dos autores fenecidos e delimitando a extension das entradas consonte á importancia do seu pensamento. Para os autores vivos acudiuse, cando foi posible, á información dos propios interesados, adoptándose un criterio de estrita austeridade informativa, cinxíndoa a datos biográficos básicos e referencia á obra publicada no eido filosófico. Para a redacción da parte enciclopédica escolléronse estudosos cualificados, cuxa asinatura consta ao final dos mesmos. Ordenados, tamén, alfabeticamente estes traballos de maior extensión intentan ofrecer unha visión mais global e panorámica, recollendo problemas, preocupacións ou iniciativas que están presentes na cultura actual, procurando sinalar as directrices históricas que seguirn ao longo do tempo. (shrink)

The paper attempts to examine what is by all accounts a self-styled approach to contemporary existence, borrowing from Claire Colebrook’s 2017 essay on Bernard Stiegler’s so-called ‘curious problem of range’. Subsequently, we tackle Yuk Hui's interpretive reading of Stiegler's analysis of retentional digitality. Hui promotes the idea of archival metaphysics to overlay Stiegler’s concept of tertiary retention with tertiary protention. However, Stiegler's reformulation of Kant's aesthetics already addresses these concerns: the problem of range that his works continually provoke and the (...) self-inscriptive conditions of writing that limit the examination of this range to the paradox of différance. Stiegler assigns the task of unraveling this range in question to the amateur, vis-a-vis the critic's typical role in the conduct of critical reason. For Stiegler, the amateur is the full achievement of aesthetic judgment, essential to education and culture formation. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente trabajo investiga la forma en que las ciencias sociales, principalmente chilenas, están respondiendo a las dispares demandas que reciben actualmente y que consisten en aportar a la comprensión crítica de fenómenos relevantes para la sociedad y adecuarse a las recientes transformaciones en la forma de producir y comunicar conocimiento científico incorporando mayores niveles de internacionalización, globalización, especialización y complejización. Para ello se realiza una revisión sistemática de la producción científica publicada sobre el movimiento estudiantil chileno, que constituye (...) uno de los movimientos sociales más relevantes de la historia reciente de Chile. Se sistematizaron 149 publicaciones editadas entre el año 2000 y el 2016. Los resultados muestran que la capacidad de las ciencias sociales chilenas para abordar estas demandas contradictorias es parcial, pues sus análisis críticos tienden a ser uniformes y de alcance temporal limitado, mientras que sus estudios empíricos no siempre poseen los niveles de internacionalización y complejidad demandados actualmente para participar en los circuitos internacionales de publicación.: The present work investigates the way in which social sciences, mainly Chilean, are responding to different demands that they are currently receiving and that consist of contribute to the critical understanding of phenomena relevant to society and adapt to recent transformations in the way of producing and communicating scientific knowledge, incorporating higher levels of internationalization, globalization, specialization and complexity. To this end, a systematic review of the scientific production published on the Chilean student movement is made. This movement is one of the most relevant in Chile's recent history. 149 publications were systematized, published between 2000 and 2016. The results show that the capacity of the Chilean social sciences to deal with these contradictory demands is partial, since their critical analyzes tend to be uniforms and limited in time, while their empirical studies do not always have the levels of internationalization and complexity currently demanded in international publishing circuits. (shrink)

Este trabajo relee la Cuarta Investigación Lógica de Edmund Husserl, la cual se expone el proyecto de una gramática lógica pura. Examinamos dos asuntos centrales y que han suscitado diversas interpretaciones: a) El modo de aplicación de la teoría del todo y de las partes a las expresiones; y b) La posibilidad de que el argumento contenga otro argumento implícito y contradictorio (ver Bundgaard, 2004, 2010). Ante eso postulamos con respecto a (a), que, si bien la postura de Husserl es (...) clara, sus numerosas ambigüedades dan pie a las diversas interpretaciones. Y en relación con (b), defendemos que sí hay un argumento implícito contradictorio, desarrollado en la primera parte de la investigación. Finalmente, acudiendo a Hua XXX, mostramos que posteriormente Husserl modificó, en parte, sus ideas. Ello resuelve las ambigüedades detrás de (a), pero no parece hacerlo con (b), lo cual, juzgamos, pone en cuestión la factibilidad del proyecto en sí. (shrink)

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido mostrar la fecundidad de la metafisica blondeliana para iluminar y responder al carácter tensional de la vida de fe y de las afirmaciones escatológicas. El «ya» y el «todavía no» no son mas que uno en una relación «idénticaa la exigencia de un magis», «entre lo que queremos, porque tadavia no lo somos, y lo que queremos, porque lo habremos querido». No se trata de querer lo que somos sino de ser lo que (...) queremos. Para ello nos hemos servido de las figuras de «don, kénosis y comunión» como consumación del destino del ser humano dentro de la historia de relación entre Dios y el mundo finito. Mostramos cómo la comunión, tal como se configura en la metafisica blondeliana, responde a lo que hemos propuesto como consistencia escatológica, es decir una ciencia escatológica practicante y no a practicar. La comuniòn como consortium divinae vitae representa la aspiración a la que tiende todo lo creado, omnia intendunt assimilari Deo! Aspirar a ella postula la ineficacia de alcanzarla y, en consecuencia, la necesidad del don y la exigencia de uma kénosis, entrar en ella no significa pararse, sino entrar en la dinámica de su infinita fecundidad como un equilibrio en movimiento. (shrink)

En la sociedad cansada de nuestra actualidad el ser humano se ve obligado a poner en práctica estrategias de escape ante la maquinaria productiva del sistema hegemónico. Para ese sujeto extenuado por el imperativo del rendimiento ya no es posible poder más. Ha de aceptar el cansancio como espacio de encuentro y reflexión, y diseñar estrategias para abandonar la libertad obligada de autoexplotación. En el presente estudio abordamos desde el prisma de la estética y el arte contemporáneo la particular maniobra (...) de escape emprendida por el artista neerlandés Bas Jan Ader en su última performance In Search of the Miraculous (1975). Un viaje de absoluta entrega a la naturaleza que culminaría con su definitiva desaparición. (shrink)

El principal objetivo de este estudio consiste en dar cuenta de cómo se enmarca la forma de tratamiento nominal marico en el habla de jóvenes universitarios de Caracas, Venezuela, dentro de la Teoría de la cortesía, según la perspectiva ofrecida por los hablantes. Igualmente, se busca documentar qué cambios está presentando en los contextos de uso así como en sus funciones pragmáticas. Los participantes fueron 60 estudiantes universitarios, 30 mujeres y 30 hombres, de 17 a 21 años. Tradicionalmente, la palabra (...) marico se ha usado como agresión verbal vulgar y ha sido, generalmente, considerada un insulto. Luego del análisis cualitativo de los datos, se plantea que esta FTN se halla en una fase de transición de insulto a marcador pragmático anticortés que indica solidaridad dentro de un grupo etario específico y está perdiendo su carácter agraviador. En la actualidad, la juventud caraqueña emplea esta FTN no solo para implicar lazos de amistad, sino para expresar emociones como sorpresa y enojo, crear efectos de intriga, hacer bromas, abrir y cerrar oraciones e, incluso, sustituir otras FTN que nunca han sido consideradas insultos en el español de Venezuela. La metodología empleada fue el cuestionario y el análisis cualitativo de reportes en primera persona. Las variables de edad y sexo son factores determinantes, puesto que parece haber tendencia entre los jóvenes entrevistados a no emplear esta forma nominal con hablantes que están fuera de su grupo etario y las mujeres siguen siendo conservadoras al restringir, más que los hombres, el uso de este vocablo. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo examina os estudos contemporâneos na tentativa de uma convergência teórica entre a psicanálise lacaniana e a filosofia nietzschiana. São avaliadas as principais posições, ideias e argumentos desta bolsa. Ao fazê-lo, o problema filosófico que surge imediatamente diz respeito à própria possibilidade de tal diálogo teórico. A tese a ser desenvolvida é que semelhanças superficiais obscurecem divergências teóricas centrais e até mesmo ontológicas. Assim, além do exame crítico da literatura mencionada, o objetivo do artigo é iluminar essas tensões (...) na medida em que elas obstruem as simples articulações entre Nietzsche e Lacan. Seguindo as semelhanças entre ambas as perspectivas teóricas, o artigo passa das semelhanças meramente superficiais para as semelhanças mais fortes entre a vontade de poder, o desejo inconsciente e o gozo, depois entre o niilismo e o gozo e, finalmente, entre as próprias lógicas do ressentimento e da repressão. A cada passo, o artigo mostra que as semelhanças são bastante insuficientes, na medida em que são sustentadas em pressupostos jamais questionados. O paradigmático: a ideia de que Nietzsche já é um lacaniano avant la lettre. (shrink)

The transcription factor CREB has been implicated in signalling pathways relevant for pathogenesis and therapy of depression. CREB is upregulated and activated in the hippocampus by chronic antidepressant treatment, similarly as neurogenesis. Surprisingly, a recent study using CREB‐deficient mice also demonstrates an upregulation of neurogenesis correlating with an antidepressant behavioral phenotype.1 Interestingly, CREB‐deficient mice show a rapid behavioral response to antidepressants, while wild‐type mice do not. This minireview tries to reconcile these new findings with established concepts on CREB, neurogenesis and (...) depression. It also outlines some crucial experiments and lines of future research that could clarify some of the pending questions. BioEssays 29:957–961, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

El propósito es abordar, a partir de una perspectiva doblemente crítica, el actual “giro hacia la felicidad”, vale decir, la elevación del imperativo de la felicidad a la categoría de horizonte político y ético incuestionable que ha protagonizado el surgimiento de la psicología positiva a comienzos del siglo XXI y que hoy desborda la literatura académica e invade un número creciente de prácticas de la vida cotidiana. Ello supondrá, por un lado, entender esta versión actual del llamado “pensamiento positivo” como (...) una narrativa sancionadora del orden económico neoliberal, fundamentalmente a través de la promoción de un nuevo “éthos psicoterapéutico”. Y, por otro, desde la corriente anglosajona del “giro afectivo”, implicará analizar en qué medida los discursos sobre la felicidad en general, y en particular la “nueva ciencia de la felicidad”, legitiman una serie de modos de vida por encima de otros y refrendan estructuras de poder preexistentes. (shrink)

In this article I present HYPER-REF, a model to determine the referent of any given expression in First-Order Logic. I also explain how this model can be used to determine the referent of a first-order theory such as First-Order Arithmetic. By reference or referent I mean the non-empty set of objects that the syntactical terms of a well-formed formula pick out given a particular interpretation of the language. To do so, I will first draw on previous work to make explicit (...) the notion of reference and its hyperintensional features. Then I present HYPER-REF and offer a heuristic method for determining the reference of any formula. Then I discuss some of the benefits and most salient features of HYPER-REF, including some remarks on the nature of self-reference in formal languages. (shrink)

The title of this paper is inspired by the book edited by Domenico Fiormonte entitled Canoni liquidi (Liquid Canons). Of course, the adjective “liquid” refers to Zygmunt Bauman’s term at which my critique is also indirectly aimed. The title of Fiormonte’s book seems to suggest equivalence between textual “mobility” and “liquidity.” Yet the “liquefying” of (literary) canons and the emergence of new intrinsically kinetic or fluid forms of mobile textuality requires a critical assessment that does not prematurely celebrate the funeral (...) of the text as we know it but pays close attention to what seems to be waiting for us beyond the text, as suggested in Francesco Fiorentino’s recent edited volume. This means paying attention to what in my recent book, Il futuro della letteratura (The Future of Literature), I call digital incunabula: objects/textual tools, devices programmed in a twofold, reciprocal sense, whose linguistic properties and rules interact and interfere with the algorithmic procedures of artificial languages. In this programmed and programmable interaction and intermediation one can perceive the horizon of incomprehensibility of posthuman language, providing a new aporetic dimension to Gadamer’s assertion that “the being that can be understood is language.“ This assertion is by now the most significant issue in the horizon of literary (digital) arts. (shrink)

Este ensayo ilustra relaciones entre educación, comunicación y complejidad. Se vinculan para complejizar lo que parece sencillo: la comunicación educativa. Su finalidad es mostrar tensiones al comunicar. Enlaza educar y comunicar apoyándose en propuestas de la teoría de la complejidad: códigos, incertidumbre y relatividad. La postura metodológica reúne métodos: fenomenológico-descriptivo, hermenéutico-explicativo, pedagógico-prescriptivo; no los explicita. Primero, describe la tendencia de circunscribir el trabajo universitario al aprendizaje estudiantil; se ilustra para contrastarla con ciencias de la educación adicionales a la psicología. Luego (...) se narra la complejidad de la comunicación docente al humanizar: educar, socializar y jugar. Después se muestra la importancia de justipreciar la comunicación educativa compleja. Complejidad enmarcada en la crisis del paradigma actual. Ulteriormente, ese paradigma se detalla con el recurso de los códigos ideológico, cultural, particular, individual, pedagógico y disciplinar. Se concluye reconociendo la urgencia de humildad, soberbia y eros docente para humanizar(se), conforme a una comunicación educativa compleja. (shrink)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to better understand the characteristics of the language-related skills of bilingual children with specific learning disorders. The aim is achieved by analyzing language-related skills in a sample of bilingual and Italian monolingual children, with and without SLD.Patients and methods: A total of 72 minors aged between 9 and 11 were recruited and divided into four groups: 18 Italian monolingual children with SLD, 18 bilingual children with SLD, 18 Italian monolingual children without SLD, and (...) 18 bilingual children without SLD. Each child underwent tests to evaluate different aspects of language skills: lexical and grammar, metalanguage and executive functions.Results: With regard to lexical and grammatical skills, the conditions of SLD and bilingualism both impact naming in terms of total number of errors for words with low frequency of use, while the condition of SLD has an effect on semantic errors for words with low frequency of use. The condition of bilingualism impacts on the total errors for words with high frequency of use and on circumlocution-type errors for words with low frequency of use. There were significant effects of bilingualism and SLD on the metalinguistic test for understanding implicit meaning, and an impact of SLD on phonological awareness was also found.Conclusion: The results suggest that both SLD and bilingualism have an effect on some lexical skills, in particular for words with low frequency of use. Both conditions, bilingualism and SLD, seem to impact on metalinguistic abilities that depend on lexical knowledge. These findings reinforce the importance of improving understanding of the neuropsychological profile of bilingual children with SLD. (shrink)

This paper intends to show the presence of the concept of natural law in the work of Alcuin of York, through an interpretation of his writings. The author asserts the existence of a natural law, that is proper to man, identified with freedom and based in human nature. So, the natural law is inalienable and, in consequence, supposes the prohibition of slavery. Finally, I touch on women as subjects of this natural and essential freedom.

Se propone una lectura de El laberinto de la soledad desde la imagología literaria, línea de trabajo de la literatura comparada contemporánea, que estudia las representaciones del extranjero y la alteridad en los textos literarios. La indagación sobre la alteridad produce imágenes de identidad. Se busca comprender las imágenes de la mexicanidad en la obra de Octavio Paz a partir de los contrastes con la alteridad. Estas imágenes corresponden a un periodo histórico específico. Proponemos un diálogo con los imaginarios representados (...) en obras de Carlos Fuentes y Juan Rulfo, para mostrar de qué manera El laberinto de la soledad proporciona claves para leer la cultura de su época. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar un aspecto parti-cular de la demonología alejandrina y siríaca a partir del así llamadoδαίμων πλάνος o demonio errante, que Evagrio Pón-tico presenta en su tratado Sobre los pensamientos. Este demonio tiene como misión particular distraer al monje de la finalidad que le es pro-pia y disponerlo al ataque de demo-nios más peligrosos y dañinos. Esta figura es inaugurada por Evagrio y retomada algunos siglos más tarde por autores siríacos que la desarro-llan y aplican (...) de diversos modos en sus obras espirituales. Me detendré, además del texto evagriano, en la obra de uno de sus comentadores más reconocidos: José Hazzaya. (shrink)

Martin Heidegger and Immanuel Kant - two important pillars of contemporary philosophy-were proficient critics of traditional metaphysics in their time. They were known to be critical of a sort of metaphysical striving predisposed to grounding or representing an elusive concept of the universal.. Kant had earlier deconstructed a pre-eminent feature of Western metaphysics, namely, the socalled essence of thing, had it consigned to the noumenon evocative of the paradoxical nature of human knowing: it regulates the boundaries according to which any (...) notion of the infinite, the universal or the absolute can be reflexively thematized, or, thus strategically said, problematized. (shrink)

Public health emergencies such as pandemics can put health systems in a position where they need to ration medical equipment and interventions because the resources available are not sufficient to meet demand. In public health management, the fair allocation of resources is a permanent and cross-sector issue since resources, and especially economic resources, are not infinite. During the COVID-19 pandemic resources need to be allocated under conditions of extreme urgency and uncertainty. One very problematic aspect has concerned intensive care medicine (...) and age discrimination has been among the most hotly discussed issues, as age has been touted as a probable criterion for selection. In this paper we analyse some documents originating from scientific societies and medical associations, mainly related to EU sphere and available in English, French, Spanish and Italian (Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, France, England and Italy), concerning the criteria for admission to the intensive care units. We highlights how, in most of these documents, it is explicitly stated that “age itself” is not a criterion for patient selection. Our conclusion is that these criteria should be defined in advance of a crisis situation and be grounded in clinical indicators. Establishing “cut-off” policies with regard to criteria such as age or chronic disability is definitely an unjustifiable form of discrimination even in the context of a public health emergency. (shrink)

Background Informed consent is one of the key principles of conducting research involving humans. When research participants give consent, they perform an act in which they utter, write or otherwise provide an authorisation to somebody to do something. This paper proposes a new understanding of the informed consent as a compositional act. This conceptualisation departs from a modular conceptualisation of informed consent procedures. Methods This paper is a conceptual analysis that explores what consent is and what it does or does (...) not do. It presents a framework that explores the basic elements of consent and breaks it down into its component parts. It analyses the consent act by first identifying its basic elements, namely: a) data subjects or legal representative that provides the authorisation of consent; b) a specific thing that is being consented to; and c) specific agent(s) to whom the consent is given. Results This paper presents a framework that explores the basic elements of consent and breaks it down into its component parts. It goes beyond only providing choices to potential research participants; it explains the rationale of those choices or consenting acts that are taking place when speaking or writing an authorisation to do something to somebody. Conclusions We argue that by clearly differentiating the goals, the procedures of implementation, and what is being done or undone when one consent, one can better face the challenges of contemporary data-intensive biomedical research, particularly regarding the retention and use of data. Conceptualising consent as a compositional act enhances more efficient communication and accountability and, therefore, could enable more trustworthy acts of consent in biomedical science. (shrink)

True enough, not many of the human lot we know, not least of all thosewe may chance upon in life in an intricate tangle of modern socialformations where individuals get to interface rather unreflectively mostof the time, would be so generous as to bestow a casual interest in philosophy. Two thousand years ago, this kind of antipathy toward philosophy made its point well when a man named Socrates was condemned to death, proof rather of the unchanging isometrics of equivocation in (...) the face of the compelling demands of justice and truth that Socrates exposed to be the skeleton in the cupboard of power, hiding under the façade of indestructibility. This pervasive practice would have by now covered an entire époque of Western intellectualtradition from the death of Socrates to the contemporary, disguised asunwavering love of everything that abounds in beauty and vitality, adetermined search for the fundament that holds everything together under the condition that Man is free and that Life is precious as too rich and valuable for the taking. (shrink)

Although in Italy there is currently no effective law on physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia, Decision No. 242 issued by the Italian Constitutional Court on September 25, 2019 established that an individual who, under specific circumstances, has facilitated the implementation of an independent and freely-formed resolve to commit suicide by another individual is exempt from criminal liability. Following this ruling, some citizens have submitted requests for assisted suicide to the public health system, generating a situation of great uncertainty in the application (...) processes. As a matter of fact, shared and defined procedures are lacking as Decision 242/2019 merely added some principles on which the legislature will have to base its future intervention. This paper analyses the advisory role that the Decision attributes to territorial ethics committees with the aim of stimulating discussions on their role in oversight mechanisms. The proposed conclusion is that the envisaged role does not appear consistent with the functions of these bodies and is ultimately substantially undefined and unjustified. (shrink)

In two experiments on analogical hypothesis generation, we factorially manipulated the presence of domain and object similarities between a base situation and a target phenomenon, and assessed their effects on the transfer of the source’s explanatory structure before and after an indication to use the base analog as a source for analogical explanations. The absence of any kind of surface similarity led to very low rates of spontaneous transfer. In both experiments, however, either kind of surface similarity sufficed to enhance (...) the spontaneous transfer of the base explanation during the formulation of plausible hypotheses for the target. The transfer advantage of object and domain similarity cannot be attributed to the effect of these variables on post-access processes, since experimental conditions did not differ with regard to the ability to transfer the base explanation upon explicit request. The effect of domain similarity on spontaneous analogical explanation constitutes a relevant finding, especially given the lack of attention received by this dimension of similarity in behavioural studies and computer simulations of analogical retrieval. (shrink)

The question of immigration and its corollary community and minority formation has always been analysed in relation to states. However, the increasing importance of solidarity beyond national borders on the grounds of one or several identities – national, religious, ethnic, regional – removes the claim of recognition of a collective identity from a national level to an international level and, in the European Union, to a supranational level. Such an evolution places territory at the core of the analysis of citizenship (...) and nationhood, for communities as well as states. This article will attempt to show that in this new configuration, negotiations between states and immigrants are brought beyond borders in order for states to maintain the ‘power’ of incorporation and citizenship while expanding their influence beyond their territories and to compete with transnational communities in their engagement in the process of globalization. (shrink)

Si bien la influencia de Clemente de Alejandría sobre Evagrio Póntico ha sido señalada por autores como Antoine Guillaumont y Paul Géhin, este trabajo se orienta a considerar su presencia en el círculo de los discípulos de Evagrio y, paralelamente, reconsiderar las temáticas en las que, efectivamente, existió tal influencia. Utilizaré como texto de base para el análisis los Chapitres des disciples d’Évagre, un largo texto que reúne una serie de breves capítulos o kephalaia con enseñanzas de Evagrio que fueron (...) recogidas por sus discípulos, en los que puede observarse la influencia clementina. Me detendré particularmente en dos conceptos importantes para ambos autores: la apatheia y la amistad espiritual, lo cual permitirá, a mi entender, relativizar la autoridad de Clemente en Evagrio y los círculos cultos de los Padres del Desierto. (shrink)

RESUMENLa melancolía no era desconocida en el mundo clásico. Al contrario, era un ámbito en el que los hombres melancólicos abundaban. Aristóteles, en el texto de Problemas XXX, 1, introduce una precisión acerca de este tema. Dice: Todos los hombres excepcionales son melancólicos. Esta condición obedece, según el Estagirita, a causa físicas –un exceso de bilis negra- y, por tanto, todos aquellos que tengan este exceso participarán también de la excepcionalidad que está reservada a los grandes personajes. Se trata de (...) una afirmación extraña si tenemos en cuenta otros pasajes aristotélicos y que ha provocado interpretaciones diversas y abundantes comentarios. En este trabajo propongo analizar la cuestión de la melancolía en ese texto aristotélico a partir, en primer lugar, de la ubicación del problema en el mundo clásico, avanzando luego hacia una definición de melancolía según el espíritu del Estagirita y su ubicación dentro del corpus doctrinal para finalizar con una conclusión que propone una interpretación base en algunos conceptos de matriz medieval.PALABRAS CLAVEMelancolía - Genialidad - Aristóteles - Tomás de AquinoABSTRACTMelancholy was not unknown in the classic era. On the contrary, that was a time in which melancholic men were many. Aristotle, in the Problems XXX, 1, introduces a precision about this topic. He says: All the exceptional men are melancholic. This condition obeys, according to the Estageira-born, to physical causes – an excess of black bile - and, therefore, all those who have this excess will take part also of the exceptional nature that is reserved to the eminent figures. That is a strange statement if we bear in mind other Aristotelic passages, and it has raised a wide range of interpretations as well as numerous comments. In this work I analyze the question of melancholy in this text, beginning with the contextualization of the problem in the classic world, advancing then towards a definition of melancholy according to the spirit of the Estageira-born and its place inside his doctrinal corpus, finishing with a conclusion that proposes a basic interpretation in some concepts of medieval inspiration.KEYWORDSMelancholy, genius, Aristotle, Thomas Aqu. (shrink)